Adjustment of Status (AOS) is the process that allows eligible individuals already in the United States to apply for a Green Card without traveling abroad for an immigrant visa interview. For many applicants, AOS is the preferred route because it allows remaining in the U.S. while the case is pending and, in most situations, applying for work and travel authorization during the process.
AOS vs. Consular Processing
AOS: Green card process completed inside the U.S. through USCIS. Consular Processing: Green card process completed outside the U.S. through the Department of State at a U.S. embassy or consulate.
Who Can Apply for Adjustment of Status?
Common eligible groups include: immediate relatives of U.S. citizens (spouses, unmarried children under 21, parents), family preference category beneficiaries (when visa is available), employment-based applicants (when a qualifying I-140 is approved or filed concurrently and a visa number is available), and certain humanitarian/special categories.
For most AOS cases, the applicant must have been inspected and admitted or paroled into the U.S. (a lawful entry through a port of entry or a qualifying parole).
The AOS Application Process (Step-by-Step)
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| 1 | Confirm eligibility, category, and visa availability |
| 2 | Prepare Form I-485 (main AOS application) |
| 3 | Assemble supporting documents (identity, entry, basis for adjustment, medical exam I-693) |
| 4 | File Form I-765 (EAD) and/or Form I-131 (Advance Parole) as needed |
| 5 | Biometrics appointment |
| 6 | USCIS interview (or interview waiver in some cases) |
| 7 | Decision — approval results in green card production and mailing |
AOS Fees (2026)
| Form | Fee (2026) |
|---|---|
| Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status) | $1,440 (biometrics included for most adult applicants) |
| Form I-765 (EAD) | $470 online / $520 paper (when filed standalone) |
| Form I-131 (Advance Parole) | ~$630 |
| Medical Exam | Varies by civil surgeon and location |
Travel While AOS Is Pending
In most cases, leaving the U.S. without Advance Parole can be treated as abandoning the I-485. Some people may travel on specific statuses that allow re-entry without abandoning the AOS, but this is very case-specific. Rule of thumb: do not travel internationally unless you clearly know your travel authorization is valid for your situation.
Common Mistakes That Delay or Sink AOS Cases
- Filing without confirming visa availability (for preference categories)
- Missing lawful entry proof (I-94 issues)
- Submitting weak relationship evidence in marriage cases
- Inconsistent addresses, dates, or prior immigration history
- Traveling without valid advance parole (when required)
- Ignoring an RFE deadline or sending incomplete RFE responses
Key Takeaway
AOS allows eligible applicants to obtain a green card without leaving the U.S. — but eligibility is fact-specific, visa availability matters for preference categories, and travel restrictions during pendency must be carefully managed. A clean, consistent, complete filing is the fastest path to approval.
FAQs
Can I work while my I-485 is pending?
Only if you have valid work authorization (EAD or another qualifying status). Unauthorized work can create serious problems.
Is an interview required for AOS?
Not always. USCIS can waive interviews, but in 2026 interviews are far more common. Prepare as if you will attend one.
What is Advance Parole?
A travel document (via Form I-131) that can allow re-entry while an I-485 is pending. Without it, international travel can abandon the case.
What happens after AOS approval?
You become a lawful permanent resident and receive your green card by mail at your U.S. address.