Becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization is the final step in the immigration journey for most green card holders. The process involves filing Form N-400, attending a biometrics appointment, passing the citizenship test and interview, and taking the Oath of Allegiance.
Key Requirements
5 years of permanent residence (3 if married to U.S. citizen), at least 30 months of physical presence, good moral character, English language proficiency, and passing the civics test (6 out of 10 questions correct). Processing: 7–12 months in 2026. Filing fee: $760.
The Citizenship Test
The test has two components: English (reading, writing, and speaking — evaluated during the interview) and Civics (10 questions from a pool of 100 about U.S. government and history; you must answer 6 correctly). Applicants 65+ with 20+ years of permanent residence qualify for simplified testing.
Interview Tips
Answer honestly. If you don't understand a question, ask the officer to repeat it. Bring originals of all documents listed in your appointment notice. Common questions cover travel history, employment, tax filing, and moral character. The officer will also verify the information on your N-400.